Cluster headaches are ruthless - short, intense attacks of pain around one eye that come in groups or "clusters." They're not migraines and they feel different: think sharp, burning pain that peaks fast and passes within 15-90 minutes. Many people get several attacks per day for weeks or months, then enjoy long pain-free periods.
How can you tell it's a cluster headache? Look for side-locked pain (the same side each attack), red or teary eye, nasal congestion or a droopy eyelid on the same side. The timing is often predictable: attacks may wake you at the same time each night. If this sounds familiar, you should see a neurologist or headache specialist for a clear diagnosis and treatment plan.
Fast treatment matters because the pain hits hard and fast. High-flow oxygen (7-15 liters per minute for 15 minutes) often stops attacks and has minimal side effects. Injectable sumatriptan (subcutaneously) works within minutes and is another go-to option. Nasal triptans like zolmitriptan can help if injections aren't possible. Simple painkillers usually don't work for cluster headaches.
If you have a prescribed plan, follow it right when the attack starts. Don't wait for the pain to get worse. Carry oxygen or your rescue medication if your doctor prescribes them. If you don't have a diagnosis but your pain matches the signs above, get medical help before trying potent drugs on your own.
Preventive meds reduce attack frequency during a cluster period. Verapamil is the most commonly used preventive; it requires ECG monitoring because it can affect heart rhythm. Typical starting doses range from 80 mg three times daily and doctors may increase slowly while checking the ECG. Other options include lithium, topiramate, and short courses of oral steroids (for example, prednisone 60-80 mg daily for a few days then tapering) to break a cluster cycle. Occipital nerve blocks can help some people when meds aren't enough.
Track attacks in a headache diary: note time of day, duration, possible triggers, and what helped. This helps your clinician fine-tune treatment. Avoid alcohol during an active cluster period - it's a well-known trigger that can bring on an attack within minutes. Smoking may also worsen clustering, so quitting or cutting back can help over time.
When to seek urgent care? Go to emergency services if your headaches change pattern suddenly, become constant rather than episodic, or if you have neurological symptoms like weakness, speech trouble, or vision loss. These signs need immediate evaluation.
Cluster headaches are brutal, but many people respond well to targeted treatments and planning. If you suspect you have cluster headaches, find a specialist, get a tailored rescue and preventive strategy, and carry your plan with you. For practical guides on medications, safe online pharmacies, and managing treatments, explore our related posts on Exact-Pharma.
Want quick help? Print your treatment plan, bring it to appointments, and ask your provider about travel permits for oxygen or injectable medications today.
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