Herpes medication: what actually works and how to use it

If you have genital or oral herpes, antiviral drugs are the main tool to shorten outbreaks, cut pain, and lower how often they come back. This page breaks down the meds doctors use, when to take them, what to watch for, and simple tips for getting them safely.

Which medicines work best?

Three oral antivirals do most of the heavy lifting: acyclovir, valacyclovir (Valtrex), and famciclovir. All three stop the virus from making copies of itself, which speeds healing and reduces viral shedding. Acyclovir is the oldest and cheapest; valacyclovir converts into acyclovir in the body but lasts longer, so fewer doses per day; famciclovir is another option with similar effects.

Topical creams (like acyclovir ointment) can ease symptoms for cold sores, but topical treatments usually help less for genital outbreaks than pills do. For severe or frequent cases, doctors may recommend daily suppressive therapy—one pill every day—which can cut outbreak frequency by about 70–90% in many people.

Practical tips: dosing, safety, and buying

Timing matters. Start antiviral pills as soon as you feel the first tingle or spot. For an active outbreak, typical short-course dosing might be acyclovir five times a day for five days, valacyclovir twice daily for three to five days, or famciclovir in a short course—your prescriber will pick the exact plan. For suppressive therapy, common valacyclovir dosing is once daily; acyclovir requires more frequent dosing.

Side effects are usually mild: headache, nausea, and sometimes stomach upset. Rarely, higher doses can affect kidneys, especially if you’re dehydrated or have kidney problems. If you have kidney disease, tell your prescriber—doses are adjusted based on kidney function.

Pregnancy and breastfeeding deserve special mention: acyclovir and valacyclovir are commonly used in pregnancy when needed, but your OB should guide treatment. Don’t self-medicate during pregnancy without medical advice.

Can you buy antivirals online? Yes, but use caution. Pick licensed pharmacies that require a prescription and show clear contact info and pharmacist access. Avoid sites with unbelievably low prices or no prescription checks. If ordering online, verify the pharmacy’s legitimacy and keep your doctor in the loop.

When to see a doctor: if outbreaks get worse, last longer than usual, cause high fever, or you have symptoms spreading to your eyes, get medical help fast. Also see care promptly if you’re immunocompromised—treatment may need to be stronger.

Living with herpes is manageable. With the right antiviral, smart timing, and safe buying practices, you can cut outbreak time, reduce pain, and lower transmission risk. If you’re unsure which drug fits you best, talk to a clinician—everyone’s situation is a little different, and a short chat can save a lot of trouble later.